Lab D+H SH 实践｜烟台山城市微更新：低干预手法恢复大尺度历史城区
”
△ LI Awards 获奖项目官方宣传海报
项目概况
PROJECT OVERVIEW
烟台山社区的复兴是宏观尺度下的城市微更新实践。设计手法是克制的，通过探索场地内文化脉络，从历史中汲取灵感，恢复原始建筑空间，保留原生植物，悉心处理文脉与地脉的关系，使每个设计元素恰到好处的存在于整个历史空间的叙事中。
历史的记忆通过景观体系下的城市更新获得新生，研究照片和历史资料，恢复历史空间的原貌，协调处理修复新建与周边环境的关系。比起推倒重来，微更新能保留烟台山特有风貌并使之延续传承，也更强调整体人居环境、公共设施改善。大量的留白为不同的功能融入形成了可能。看似毫无痕迹的设计实则经历了巨大的努力和克制。使每个新的设计元素恰到好处的存在于整个历史空间的叙事中，置身其中甚至有一种穿越感。在狭长的线性空间中出现一系列舒适的小场所，或是外摆休憩区或是公共空间，在步移景异的上山过程中人们可以很好的与他人与环境互动。通过为公众塑造新的生活空间，使他们可以更好的享受场地，并感受到场地内的文化脉络。
The revitalization of the Yantai Mountain community is urban renewal on a micro-scale. The design approach is restrained by respect for the history of the site. Exploration of the site’s cultural lineage resulted in the restoration of the original space and the preservation of native plants. This is an urban renewal project that respects history and celebrates the past. . The design team undertook a comprehensive survey to ensure the accurate restoration of the historical spaces at the site. Instead of obliterating all traces of the past, micro-renewal can honor the history of Yantai Mountain while still improving both the natural environment and the resident’s quality of life. In today's world, sustainability in design and construction is essential. The design team closely followed the principles of sustainability. Sustainable restoration can create a healthy and modern community. Demolition waste was reused for use as a building material. The design combines the best features of sustainable restoration methods for the historic mansion with the designs used in the public realm for the hill's design work. The design helps maintain the historically significant parts of the past, yet still injects new interpretations of the present for contemporary residents.
△ 烟台山乐群路鸟瞰效果图
△ 烟台山乐群路规划总图
△ 改造后的烟台山乐群路
文化脉络
SITE HISTORY
福州烟台山，位于闽江南江滨沿线。作为首批五口通商口岸之一，它曾是福建对外经济文化交流的重要窗口。乐群路贯穿烟台山，是该片区域内最为重要的一条城市血脉。然而，在经过了一个世纪的洗礼后，老街巷的建筑破坏较严重，且已出现空间空置、设施老化、配套业态不足等问题。因此，如何重振烟台山片区活力，延续城市文脉成为亟待解决的第一要务。
Yantai Mountain is a symbol of Fuzhou history and culture as it occupies an important spot on the banks of the Minjiang River, In the past, it was the site one of only a few treaty ports that were open to foreign trade and promoted economic and cultural exchange between China and the West. Lequn Road is Yantai’s main road and runs along the side of Yantai Mountain. Over time, the road has e been seriously damaged. The poor condition of Lequn Road inevitably led to additional problems. Following the path of the aging road, aging infrastructure, and vacant retail spaces led to a high vacancy rate of retail businesses. Revitalizing the present-day community in Yantai Mountain and sustaining the city's cultural heritage is essential a priority of the design plan.
设计挑战
DESIGN CHALLENGE
空间受到居住人口庞大和留存的大量历史遗迹的限制，烟台山的乐群路的设计不适合通过大规模的拆建进行更新无法通过标准的改造手法完成。公共空间的重建，便成为了场地的破题根本。经过专家研讨、照片历史资料研究，团队决定以景观微更新的干预手法恢复一个大尺度的历史城区。设计团队从研究中提炼历史价值，量身定制修葺更新方案，留住片区温度的公共空间等手段，更好的为邻里营造场所并为其注入新的活力。
Numerous historical sites and large residential communities have varying requirements for renovation methods. The reconstruction of the public space presented a fundamental challenge for the site designers. After the design team had done a comprehensive survey of historical documents and a series of interviews with residents, a strategy was adopted. The design team decided to restore the large-scale historical district with the intervention of landscape micro-renewal. The design team carefully fused restoration methods applied at the historic mansion yards with adaptive reconstruction in the public space., This combination of old and new elements preserves and celebrates ' 'site's historical significance while also injects new interpretations.
△ 改造前的烟台山乐群路是破败混乱的
△ 烟台山的道路系统图纸，乐群路为烟台山的主路，而九条小巷连接到周围的社区，这就是仓前九里的由来
△ 烟台山的现状植物图，我们经过了仔细的测绘，标出了不同的植物群落并进行保护
用景观道路系统修复原始空间
THE LANDSCAPE DESIGN OF ALLEYWAYS
烟台山道路系统由一条主道和无数条支路构成。为提供当地居民适宜公共空间及生态环境，提升历史街区的交往活力，设计师在狭长线性的支路空间内增设了一系列舒适的小场所和外摆休憩区，并通过铺装的界定形成了停留区和通行区。主道动线将人们带入一个个开放空间。大量的微型口袋花园就在巷道的死角空间应运而生，开放式的空间为在场居民提供休闲娱乐的空间。
The road network of Yantai Mountain consists of the main road and multiple bypasses. To stimulate activity and improve local conditions the designers added a series of recreation areas along the branches. These open public spaces are defined by the paving which forms a stay area and a passage area. The locals are guided by the main road to enter the pocket parks. Many pocket parks have been created in the alleyway's dead-end spaces. additionally, revitalized open spaces provide additional recreational space.
设计师通过台阶的设计消解了原场地内复杂的地势高差，巧妙地链接了高低路面。倾斜的古树被设计成了场内独特的景观地标，利用植物柔化了建筑的冰冷感，有效地协调了居民与周边环境的融合。设计团队通过道路的契合、链接了区域内的碎片，将口袋花园的景观设计连接在了一起。一动一静在沿途的标识、石刻的文字中相连，营造了社区的创生。人们在移步换景的上山过程中也可以自然地与他人、与环境产生互动，由此促进片区交往因子的活跃度，提升空间活力。通过铺装的重新界定，乐群路最大化的保留了车行的功能，而人行的烟火气也得到了极大的尊重。
The design of the stone steps dissolve the complex difference in terrain within the original site and cleverly link the upper and lower levels. The ancient leaning tree as an important and unique landscape landmark within the site. Plants soften the buildings' coldness and provide a harmonious environment for the residents. The road network links the pocket gardens. One movement and one static are connected in the signs and stone inscriptions along the way, creating a community's creation. With moving scenery union, people can naturally interact with others and their surroundings in the process of moving up the hill. It enhances the vitality of the space and promotes community engagement. Lequn Road serves both as a vehicular road and a pedestrian walkway.
△ 乐群路成了市民写生的场所
节点设计
NODE DESIGN
场地的拆迁中，大量的老建筑材料被保留下来。团队遵循“修旧如旧”及“可持续性”原则，石头打碎后铺平人行道。虎皮石斜垒成为挡土墙，瓦片变成了透光的花窗，麻石变成了场地的种植钵。老砖和新砖在砌墙时进行的刻意融合。在老砖稀缺时通过植物做旧来最大化形成历史街区的文脉感。通过大量的新老材料的结合将场地的现在和过去紧密联系在了一起。
The design team followed the principles of sustainability to restore the Yantai community. Thus, some waste materials from the site were reused as building materials. The masonry rubble paves the sidewalk, tiles are transformed into light-transmitting windows, and sisal stones are turned into planting bowls for the site. The local plants and materials maximize the feeling of historic heritage by linking the present with the past in the design.
△ 我们仔细的调查了所有的老照片并在三维空间中逐渐复原
△ 历史的记忆和现实的场景形成了时光上的对话
△ 通过溯源历史，恢复了街道的原本风貌，使之融入在环境之中
△ 新的踏步经过了处理和时间发生对话
△ 石材地刻的历史地图与老石材配合形成了独特的空间
△ 烟台山的古地图被篆刻在石材之中
△ 废墟中的每一个信息都被最大化的利用
在乐群路上，百年的榕树和银杏树在乐群路上比比皆是。设计师尊重传统街巷肌理，严格保护大型老树及大部分植物，保全街区历史感，实现植物和场地的共生关系。我们在缝隙空间中增加绿色。通过洒入草籽的方法使植物在麻石墙体上生长。石阶旁，花草在麻石种植钵中自由生长，砖瓦缝隙中亦有藤蔓渗透而出。另外，在修建的过程中，邀请当地工匠使用传统方法修复围墙。将原本封闭的围墙修改成半通透围墙，利用高低差，既保护了居民隐私，也让大量的植物和建筑的细节能够从墙中透出，形成独特的半围合空间。原生植物的种植营造出生机和诗意，令新的景观与烟台山和谐共生。
Ancient banyan and ginkgo trees line Lequn Road. The design ensures the protection of the ancient trees and other local plants. A complementary and supportive relationship between the landscaping design and the overall design for the site ensures the protection of these ancient living treasures. In the public realm, the historic Nine Alleyways' alignment was retained, and restoration of the stairs and pathways was accomplished. When the original granite steps were intact they were reused, and gaps between them filled with custom-made replacement stones. Paving followed the same principle. Original granite pavers were collected on-site and combined in a mixed paving palette with new granite paving stones. Local retired artisans were invited to join the restoration team and to share their knowledge of traditional tools and methods. The original closed wall was modified into a semi-permeable barrier, taking advantage of the height difference to protect the privacy of the residents. It also allows many plants to penetrate through the wall, which creates a unique semi-enclosed space. us, The redevelopment of Yantai Mountain not merely preserves the site's tangible heritage that is now enshrined in the layout and the materials. Most significantly, the intangible legacy of the site is captured by local artisans using traditional methods.
回应历史空间的叙事
THE RENOVATION OF HISTORICAL NODES
❒ 01「石厝教堂」
石厝教堂是该地区最重要的文化地标之一，却长期得被高墙遮挡，形成封闭空间环境。设计团队根据历史文献对围墙和庭院进行改造，复原了石厝教堂围栏及大门，并保留了庭院内的百年银杏，重塑院内历史风貌。为了完整呈现教堂建筑原貌，团队将教堂入口处已被掩埋的台阶的地平降低了近一米。原树池外特意扩大加砌了一圈形成了双层树池，以保护古银杏的树根，现场废弃的石板材料和砾石被重新收集用于铺设教堂内院。极简的景观设计烘托出场地内静谧安详的氛围。
The Stone Church is one of the most important but hidden cultural landmarks in the area. High walls had created a closed and isolated space. To recreate the appearance of the courtyard's historical appearance, the design team rebuilt the walls and courtyard, restored the Church's fence and gate, and preserved the century-old ginkgoes in the courtyard. The designers lowered the level of the buried steps at the entrance of the Church by nearly one meter to recreate the original appearance of the church building. The berm formed a double-layered pond to protect the roots of the ancient ginkgo. The discarded slate and gravel were collected to pave the inner courtyard of the Church. The landscape design of the Church creates a serene, peaceful atmosphere.
△ 石厝教堂，兴建于1860年，原名圣约翰堂( St. John＇s Church)，五口通商之后由侨居福州的英国侨民集资筹建
△ 每逢深秋，银杏落叶形成了乐群路独特的景致
❒ 02「闽海关税务司」
在闽海关税务司的景观改造中，我们保留了原有即将倾倒的古树，并以其为核心形成了一个历史纪念空间，老树花园。简洁的台阶消化了场地的高差，历史的故事刻录在花岗岩座椅之上。现在的闽海关税务司成为了福州市民的秘密花园。
At the American Consulate, different design operations were used to interpret the original name of Yantai Mountain, the port of the plum blossom. Historical memories were represented with detailed plum blossom patterns on paving, water features, gate, and sitting areas. The language of central axisymmetric, geometric cutting not only responds to the architectural style but also sets the classical tone of the entire design. The classical elements link with modern aesthetics by painting classical elements and recurring patterns with minimal interventions. The design injects a new soul into the site, bringing back memories of the site and simultaneously giving visitors and residents a new feeling.
△ 税务司的古树虽然快要倒塌，我们尽全力将其保留并形成了一个独特的古树花园
△ 闽海关税务司的后花园成为了烟台山市民的后花园
社会意义
SOCIAL SERVICE
在修复和翻新烟台山旧貌过程中，将复兴痕迹隐于场地设计之中，尽可能的向场地居民与游客还原片区原始历史面貌。将历史文脉及现代视野在场地内有机融合，使烟台山再现其世纪沧桑后的芳华活力。
In the process of the renovation of Yantai Mountain, traces of the restoration work are hidden in the design of the site. We not only restored the original historical appearance of the area was restored for the residents and visitors. The design goes beyond appearances but also engages the people with the site. Yantai Mountain revives its vitality after a long century of change but thoughtfully using local resources.
△ 闽海关税务司成为了烟台山的婚纱拍摄的打卡点
项目信息